Direct Air-to-Underwater Optical Wireless Communication: Statistical Characterization and Outage Performance

In general, a buoy relay is used to connect the underwater communication terrestrial network over radio or optical wireless (OWC) link. The use of deployment may pose security and issues. This paper investigates feasibility direct air-to-underwater (A2UW) from an over-the-sea OWC system submarine without deploying relaying node. We analyze statistical performance transmission combined channel fading effect atmospheric turbulence, random fog, air-to-water interface, oceanic pointing errors. develop novel analytical expressions for probability density function (PDF) cumulative distribution (CDF) resultant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in terms bivariate Meijer-G Fox-H functions. derived results by providing exact asymptotic outage parameters. computer simulations demonstrate A2UW transmissions compared relay-assisted system.